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André de Toth
Endre Antal Miksa De Toth, better known as André de Toth (May 15, 1913〔(1913 given as year of birth on Petition for Naturalization (June 11, 1945, #124768, Central District of California, Los Angeles, California, USA), under the name Endre Antal Miksa De Toth ), ancestry.com; accessed June 24, 2015.〕〔(Extract of naturalization certification in the name of Andre de Toth ), familysearch.org; accessed June 28, 2015.〕– October 27, 2002) was a Hungarian-American film director, born and raised in Makó, Csanád, Kingdom of Hungary, Austro-Hungarian Empire. He directed the 3-D film ''House of Wax'', despite being unable to see in 3-D himself, having lost an eye at an early age. Upon naturalization as a United States citizen in 1945, he took Endre Antal Miksa De Toth as his legal name.
==Career==
Born in 1913 as Tóth Endre Antal Mihály, with the nobility titles of Sasvári Farkasfalvi Tóthfalusi, he earned a degree in law from the Royal Hungarian Pázmány Péter Science's University in Budapest in the early 1930s. He garnered acclaim for plays written as a college student, acquiring the mentorship of Ferenc Molnár and becoming part of the theater scene in Budapest. From that involvement he segued to the film industry and worked as a writer, assistant director, editor and sometime actor. In 1939 he directed five films just before war began in Europe. Several of these films received significant release in the Hungarian communities in the United States. De Toth went to England, spent several years as an assistant to fellow émigré Alexander Korda, and eventually moved to Los Angeles in 1942.〔
Based on his Hungarian films, the production work for Korda and writing he had done on American projects during earlier stints in Los Angeles, de Toth was given an oral contract as a director at Columbia from which he ultimately extricated himself by litigation. As he preferred working as an independent, de Toth had no “A” budgets early in his career and had to supplement his directing income with writing assignments, often uncredited. Introduced to Westerns by John Ford, de Toth worked mostly in that genre throughout the 1950s, often bringing elements of noir style into those films.〔(Obituary ), independent.co.uk; accessed June 24, 2015.〕 In 1951 he received an Oscar nomination for Best Writing (with co-writer William Bowers) for the story filmed as ''The Gunfighter''. While largely remembered as the director of the earliest and most successful 3-D film, ''House of Wax'', he also was responsible for two of the noir cycle's most unusual examples: ''Pitfall'' and ''Crime Wave''.
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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